This paper examines the effect of smoking behavior on earnings. Using data from the
GSOEP, both cross-sectional and longitudinal models are estimated separately for males
and females. Results for the cross-sectional models confirm prior analyses inasmuch as
smoking has a negative effect on earnings for males. However, applying fixed-effects
estimation, this effect is found to be inverted for men aged 25 to 35 years compared to their
non-smoking counterparts. That is, controlling for unobservable individual heterogeneity, the
result implies that male smokers are individuals with higher time preference rates. At the
early stage of the age-earnings course higher earnings are therefore found for smokers
because young male non-smokers only are about to start off their occupational career.
Women’s earnings, however, are not affected by smoking behavior.
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