The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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7 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16930
Long-Term Effects of Shocks on New Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurship
Emilio Congregado, Frank M. Fossen, Nicola Rubino, David Troncoso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12555
September 11 and the Rise of Necessity Self-Employment among Mexican Immigrants
Chunbei Wang, Magnus Lofstrom
published in: Eastern Economic Journal, 2020, 46 (1), 5 - 33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12499
Entrepreneurship over the Business Cycle in the United States: A Decomposition
Frank M. Fossen
revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57, 1837-1855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11258
Opportunity versus Necessity Entrepreneurship: Two Components of Business Creation
Robert W. Fairlie, Frank M. Fossen
revised version published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2020, 48, 253-289.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8219
Necessity Entrepreneurship and Competitive Strategy
Jörn Block, Karsten Kohn, Danny Miller, Katrin Ullrich
published in: Small Business Economics, 2015, 44 (1), 37-54
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6819
The Returns to Education for Opportunity Entrepreneurs, Necessity Entrepreneurs, and Paid Employees
Frank M. Fossen, Tobias J. M. Büttner
revised version published in: Economics of Education Review, 2013, 37, 66-84
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1608
"Der Noth gehorchend, nicht dem eignen Trieb" – Nascent Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs in Germany: Evidence from the Regional Entrepreneurship Monitor (REM)
Joachim Wagner
published in: RWI-Mitteilungen, 2003/2004, 54/55 (3-4), 287-303
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