The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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777 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13860
Labor-Market Conditions and Leadership Styles
Robert Dur, Ola Kvaløy, Anja Schöttner
revised version published in: Management Science, 2022, 68 (4), 3150-3168
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13854
Finance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: India's Informal Sector Firms
Ira N. Gang, Rajesh Raj Natarajan, Kunal Sen
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2022, 58 (7), 1383-1402
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13835
Extreme Events, Entrepreneurial Start-Ups, and Innovation: Theoretical Conjectures
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
published in: Economics of Disaster and Climate Change, 2021, 5, 329–353
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13806
Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Stephan L. Thomsen, Johannes Trunzer
revised version published online in: Journal of Human Capital, 11 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13773
Why Are Africa's Female Entrepreneurs Not Playing the Export Game? Evidence from Ghana
Charles G. Ackah, Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley, Cecília Hornok
published as 'Africa’s Businesswomen – Underfunded or Underperforming?' in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62 (3), 1051-1074
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2025, 229, 106855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13736
Borderline Disorder: (De Facto) Historical Ethnic Borders and Contemporary Conflict in Africa
Emilio Depetris-Chauvin, Ömer Özak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13708
Access to Finance among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Job Creation in Africa
Zuzana Brixiova Schwidrowski, Thierry Kangoye, Urbain Thierry Yogo
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2020, 55, 177 - 189
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13707
The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: The First Three Months after Social-Distancing Restrictions
Robert W. Fairlie
published in: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2020, 29 (4), 727 - 740
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13667
Digital Entrepreneurship Research: A Concise Introduction
Wim Naudé, Werner Liebregts
published as 'Digital Entrepreneurship' in: Liebregts, W., van den Heuvel, WJ., van den Born, A. (eds), Data Science for Entrepreneurship. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham, 2023, 279-303
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13634
Entrepreneurship Education and Teacher Training in Rwanda
Moussa Blimpo, Todd Pugatch
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2021, 149, 102583
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13616
The Economic Impacts of Direct Natural Disaster Exposure
Meliyanni Johar, David W. Johnston, Michael A. Shields, Peter Siminski, Olena Stavrunova
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 196, 26-39
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13615
The Persistence of Union Membership within the Coalfields of Britain
Huw Beynon, Helen Blakely, Alex Bryson, Rhys Davies
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021, 59 (4), 1131-1152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13510
Does the Dream of Home Ownership Rest upon Biased Beliefs? A Test Based on Predicted and Realized Life Satisfaction
Reto Odermatt, Alois Stutzer
revised version published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2022, 23 (8), 3731-3763
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13465
Union Membership and Collective Bargaining: Trends and Determinants
Claus Schnabel
published in: K. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13443
Initial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Employment and Hours of Self-Employed Coupled and Single Workers by Gender and Parental Status
Charlene M. Kalenkoski, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
published as 'Impacts of COVID-19 on the Self-employed' in: Small Business Economics, 2022, 58, 741–768
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13436
Entrepreneurial Recovery from COVID-19: Decentralization, Democratization, Demand, Distribution, and Demography
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13428
Timing Matters: Shifting Economic Activity and Intra-Day Variation in Ambient Ozone Concentrations
David Adler, Edson Severnini
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2023, 223, 104905
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13414
The Effects of Non-Compete Agreements on Different Types of Self-Employment: Evidence from Massachusetts and Utah
Ege Can, Frank M. Fossen
revised version published as 'The Enforceability of Non-Compete Agreements and Different Types of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Utah and Massachusetts' in: Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 2022, 11 (2/3), 223-252
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13390
Does Emigration Drain Entrepreneurs?
Massimo Anelli, Gaetano Basso, Giuseppe Ippedico, Giovanni Peri
published as 'Emigration and Entrepreneurial Drain' in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (2), 218–252
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