published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2005, 38 (2-3), 147-164
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Lohnpolitik in Ostdeutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung und präsentiert empirische Evidenz für die Hypothese, dass überhöhte Tarifabschlüsse das aus dem Westen übernommene Flächentarifvertragssystem geschwächt haben. Hierfür sprechen der abnehmende Organisationsgrad von Arbeitgebern und Gewerkschaften sowie Drift zwischen Tariflöhnen und effektiven Löhnen. Schätzungen eines strukturellen Modells individueller Lohnzuwächse bei Nominallohn- und Tariflohnrigiditäten auf Basis der IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe bestätigen, dass die Lohnflexibilität in Ostdeutschland gewachsen ist. Für Lohnverhandlungen auf Betriebsebene charakteristische Nominallohnrigiditäten sind häufiger, Tariflohnrigiditäten seltener als in Westdeutschland. Dies dürfte zur Stabilisierung der Beschäftigung beigetragen haben.
The paper explores wage setting practice in East Germany since unification. It gathers evidence for the claim that economically non-viable collective agreements have fostered decentralized wage setting. First, we document declining organization rates of both employers and employees, allowing drift between collective and actual wages. Second, we examine macroeconomic wage flexibility by estimating a switching regime model, in which the observed distribution of individual wage changes is generated by simultaneous processes of union, nominal or no wage rigidity. The results indicate that wages become more flexible during transition. Furthermore nominal wage rigidity, typical for decentralized bargaining, is much more common in East than in West Germany, while the opposite holds regarding union wage rigidity.
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