published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2002, 23 (5), 394-410
The quality of labor-market entry achieved by newly qualified apprentices in West Germany is
analyzed from 1948 to 1992. A bivariate probit model, using data from the BIBB/IAB
employment survey, is applied to estimate simultaneously the quality of the school-toapprenticeship
transition and that of the apprenticeship-to-work transition. This shows that
school leavers with lower levels of general education are selected into apprenticeships with
less favorable employment prospects in all analyzed time periods. However, when controlling
for this selection effect, it is only in the most recent period that lower academic achievers are
further penalized for the shortcomings in their general education at the apprenticeship-towork
transition. Furthermore, the crowding-out of trainees with lower levels of general
education can be observed in both the less demanding and the more challenging
occupational fields.
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